Carbon-Ukraine - Equipment Manufacturing

Theophylline overdose

Theophylline, also known as dimethylxanthine, is a prescription medication used to treat asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Theophylline overdose can occur as a consequence of a single, large ingestion or as a result of accumulation of the drug when taken chronically. Patients on long-term theophylline therapy may experience adverse reactions from the drug at lower serum concentrations when compared to similar reactions experienced by patients suffering from acute ingestions. This drug chiefly affects the gastrointestinal, cardiovascular and central nervous systems, as well as producing metabolic abnormalities. Nausea, vomiting and hematemesis are quite common and may occur in patients with only mild theophylline toxicity. The theophylline level can be decreased by multiple doses of activated charcoal or hemoperfusion via activated carbon column. The plot on the right shows the theophylline adsorption of EnterosorbU and our competitor.

A mixture of 10 mg of carbon combined with 4.5 mg/ml aqueous solution of theophylline was vortexed for 10 seconds and then allowed to sit idle for 1 hour. The mixture was then filtered with a 0.2 micron polyester filter. The diluted filtrate (1:500 dilution) was analyzed using UV/Vis spectroscopy. Theophylline concentrations after exposure to adsorbents were determined using a theophylline standard curve.

The adsorption of theophylline on EnterosorbU was twice that of our competitor’s activated carbon. Such higher adsorption can lead to faster and quick recovery of theophylline overdone patients.

Need help determining which material best suits your application? Please give us a call at +380632332443 or email us at sales@carbon.org.ua. While companies using porous carbon can choose from hundreds of off-the-shelf commodity products, Carbon-Ukraine offers a new option: carbons whose properties are rapidly tuned for a specific application. We are interested in partnering with end-users to develop carbons specifically tailored to meet their needs. Normally, when developing materials for a new application we will begin by thoroughly studying the underlying technology and the key materials properties required. Once we have an understanding of the materials properties required, we can provide small quantities of material for evaluation. Based on the results of your evaluation, we can provide additional samples to further optimize our materials for your application.

EnterosorbU is a product of Carbon-Ukraine. The statements, technical information and recommendations contained herein are believed to be accurate as of the date hereof. Since the conditions and methods of use of the product and of the information referred to herein are beyond our control, Carbon-Ukraine expressly disclaims any and all liability as to any results obtained or arising from any use of the product or reliance on such information; NO WARRANTY OF FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE, WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR ANY OTHER WARRANTY, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, IS MADE CONCERNING THE GOODS DESCRIBED OR THE INFORMATION PROVIDED HEREIN. The information provided herein relates only to the specific product designated and may not be applicable when such product is used in combination with other materials or in any process. The user should thoroughly test any application before commercialization. Nothing contained herein constitutes a license to practice under any patent and it should not be construed as an inducement to infringe any patent and the user is advised to take appropriate steps to be sure that any proposed use of the product will not result in patent infringement. The information contained in this document is based on tests conducted by Carbon-Ukraine and data selected from the literature, but shall in no event be held to constitute or imply any warranty, undertaking, express or implied commitment from our part. Our formal specifications define the limit of our commitment.

Carbon-Ukraine can accept no liability whatsoever with regard to the handling, processing or use of the product or products concerned which must in all cases be employed in accordance with all relevant laws and/or regulations in force in the country or countries concerned. EnterosorbU is currently available ONLY for research and development purpose and thus should not be used for any medical use.

Acetaminophen overdose

In 2006, about 2.5 million poison exposures were reported (8 per 1,000) in US with one poison exposure every 14 seconds (AAPCC Annual Report). Over 75% of reported poison exposures involve ingestion of a poisonous substance. Medical expenses related to poisoning amounts to $26 million every year. The most common cause of poisoning deaths in the US is attributed to acetaminophen (Tylenol®), a widely used pain reliever and fever reducer available in hundreds of over-the-counter and prescriptions drugs, with more than 1 billion tablets sold annually. Although it is safe at recommended doses, acetaminophen overdose is one of the top ten most fatal toxin exposures that caused over 127,000 exposures in 2003, 16,500 of which resulted in care in a medical facility. In adults, dosages exceeding 10 – 15 grams can result in liver failure and dosages exceeding 25 grams can be deadly. Acetaminophen overdose is a major cause of acute liver failure; the proportion of acetaminophen-induced acute liver failure cases has alarmingly increased from 21% in 1998 to 51% in 2003.

Sample preparation and analysis

10 mg of carbon was mixed with 20, 50 and 100 mg/l aqueous solution of acetaminophen. The mixtures were vortexed for 10 seconds and then allowed to sit idle for 5 minutes. The mixtures were then centrifuged for 5 minutes. 200 µL supernatant containing unabsorbed acetaminophen was withdrawn and put into an High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) vial for acetaminophen quantification. Acetaminophen concentrations after exposure to adsorbents were determined using an acetaminophen standard curve.

Results and discussion

Adsorption of acetaminophen by activated carbon sold by our competitor decreases with increase in acetaminophen concentration. Unlike activated carbon of our competitor, EnterosorbU has 100% adsorption even at higher acetaminophen concentration. EnterosorbU is a more efficient adsorbent than our competitor’s product.

Customized products

Need help determining which material best suits your application? Please give us a call at +380442332443 or email us at sales@carbon.org.ua. While companies using porous carbon can choose from hundreds of off-the-shelf commodity products, Carbon-Ukraine offers a new option: carbons whose properties are rapidly tuned for a specific application. We are interested in partnering with end-users to develop carbons specifically tailored to meet their needs. Normally, when developing materials for a new application we will begin by thoroughly studying the underlying technology and the key materials properties required. Once we have an understanding of the materials properties required, we can provide small quantities of material for evaluation. Based on the results of your evaluation, we can provide additional samples to further optimize our materials for your application.

Important notice regarding this product

EnterosorbU is a product of Carbon-Ukraine. The statements, technical information and recommendations contained herein are believed to be accurate as of the date hereof. Since the conditions and methods of use of the product and of the information referred to herein are beyond our control, Carbon-Ukraine expressly disclaims any and all liability as to any results obtained or arising from any use of the product or reliance on such information; NO WARRANTY OF FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE, WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR ANY OTHER WARRANTY, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, IS MADE CONCERNING THE GOODS DESCRIBED OR THE INFORMATION PROVIDED HEREIN. The information provided herein relates only to the specific product designated and may not be applicable when such product is used in combination with other materials or in any process. The user should thoroughly test any application before commercialization. Nothing contained herein constitutes a license to practice under any patent and it should not be construed as an inducement to infringe any patent and the user is advised to take appropriate steps to be sure that any proposed use of the product will not result in patent infringement. The information contained in this document is based on tests conducted by Carbon-Ukraine and data selected from the literature, but shall in no event be held to constitute or imply any warranty, undertaking, express or implied commitment from our part. Our formal specifications define the limit of our commitment. Carbon-Ukraine can accept no liability whatsoever with regard to the handling, processing or use of the product or products concerned which must in all cases be employed in accordance with all relevant laws and/or regulations in force in the country or countries concerned. EnterosorbU is currently available ONLY for research and development purpose and thus should not be used for any medical use.